Uniqlo In Hong Kong Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Many businesses exist and flourish because they are successful in satisfying a need in the market. These needs are determined by the consumers who are considered an important component of any business endeavour. The primary reason for a business existence is to continue identifying consumer needs and then come up with tangible responses to address these needs. This requirement makes business companies spend a considerable amount of effort and intellect in analysing the behaviour of the consumers in order to effectively formulate appropriate marketing strategies that would assist the firm in effective production and delivery. Smart, D. T., Martin, C. L. (1992) argued that the study of consumers makes companies and organisations recognise and internalise consumer issues that would help strengthen their marketing strategies. In this paper several issues are discussed pertaining to fashion and clothing products and services offered by UNIQLO in Hong Kong. UNIQLO Co., Ltd. was originated in Japan. The companys business line is about clothing and fashion. But basically, the company is one of the leading clothing and fashion business in Japan that design, manufacture and retail casual wears. Initially, UNIQLO Co., Ltd. was only a division of Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. but by November 1, 2005, UNIQLO Co., Ltd. come into the picture through corpo rate restructuring and currently existing as a 100% consolidated subsidiary of Fast Retailing. UNIQLO was now listed at the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In Japan, UNIQLO is the leading clothing retail chain in terms of both sales and profits. And as of 2010, the company are also operating in Hong Kong, China, United Kingdom, South Korea, France, Singapore and United States. UNIQLO formed the idea of blending of ‘unique and ‘clothing as an symbol of originality and uniqueness of the apparel industry in Japan. UNIQLO offers fashionable and high quality clothing at reasonable prices, and was seized as an opportunity to establish a brand position domestically and internationally, combining all the facets of the business from product design to final sales and the operation of the 790 stores around the globe. Primarily offing for a highly brand conscious consumer group, UNIQLO envisions itself as a leading global casual wear company targeting high sales and profitability growth. F or UNIQLO, such aim could materialise based on the established strategies such as low cost management, cheapest manufacture and marketing schedules and prioritising customer requirements. Nowadays, UNIQLO is described as the apparel giant Gap, Inc.s counterpart based on the 4, 000% share price increase, making UNIQLO as Japans third largest clothing retailer. However, it is not always victory for UNIQLO; the subsidiary also has its own share of downturns especially on its international expansion. For instance, expansion programmes in the United Kingdom (UK) saw a tumultuous stumble in profits, forcing Fast Retailing to shut down 16 of the 21 UNIQLO stores opened, because of competition. Most recently, three UNIQLO stores in New Jersey were also closed because of economic slumps. Despite these facts, UNIQLO maintains the spirit and still believed that the brand has only but way forward. How UNIQLO will going to do such is central to this paper, focusing on the companys strategic m anagement. External, industry and competitor analysis as well as the internal environment will be addressed. In fashion and clothing business in Hong Kong, the products and services offered by retailers that have strong brands are flourishing because they are easier to remember or they are already popular and are known for the quality. Companies like UNIQLO, HM, and Giordano are giving their best to build their brand name or brand identities because it helps consumers easily identify the product as well as acquire a rich set of symbols and meanings embodied by products. For successfully developed and managed brand names, the connections that patrons make with the brand name creates value, or brand equity, that can be a highly valued asset to the firm that develops the brand (Meyers-Levy, Louie, Curren, 1994). Chapter 2. Literature Review Environmental Analysis (PESTEL) Ø Political Analysis In the context of UNOQLO, political factors have direct effect on business conducts and operations. Decisions made by the affects the decision-making of retailers and could come in the form of policy or legislation. In Hong Kong, the ‘one country, two systems is the prevalent governance philosophy which endows the special administrative region with a high degree of autonomy and its capitalist economic system. Within a capitalistic and free market-oriented economy, retail companies make the majority of microeconomic decisions but they have to conform to specific agreements. Mainland and HK Closer Partnership Economic Arrangement (CEPA) and the US-China Textile Memorandum of Understanding are two examples of this. The former provides UNIQLO with a tariff-free treatment, stating that products which have no existing CEPA rules of origin will enjoy tariff-free treatment upon applications by local manufacturers. The latter could provide UNIQLO with an opportunity for an annual grow th of 8-17% in 21 categories of Chinese textiles and clothing exports to the US. Labor and customary regulations as well as code of conducts are also complied into including China Social Compliance 9000 and US and EU quotas (RSCA 2006; Doshi 2006). Ø Economic Analysis Domestically and globally, businesses are also being affected by economic factors whereby a strong economy indicates positive results and weak economy signifies the opposite, affecting both businesses and consumers. Hong Kongs gross domestic product is estimated at US$206.7bn with the service sector that contributes 90% of the total GDP. The region is also named as the worlds eleventh largest trading entity. Almost 50% of the total population is employed full-time and the unemployment rate has a continuous average decline by 4.1%, making disposition of income a possibility, a lower cost of living that is (Monthly Digest 2008). Spending is generally devoted for food, housing, healthcare, transportation, amusement, services and apparel. People nowadays are very particular with ‘investing in quality clothing thereby resume spending with premium apparel finds (Doshi 2006). Realising this, the price and quality characteristics of UNIQLO has a strategic fit; UNIQLO makes people loo k fashionable and confident in world-class clothes at a reasonable price through the company-wide integration of the Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel (SPA) model, a low-cost but effective operation model. Ø Social Analysis Demography or the population characteristics may determine buying patterns and that understanding demographic changes within a particular region or place facilitates determining whether products and services would appeal to customers as well as the number of potential customers (Barney and Hesterly 2006, p. 35). Hong Kong has a total of 6, 985, 300 population based on 2008 estimate and is continuously growing due to immigrant influx from Mainland. According to Doshi, people in HK and elsewhere have a growing interest in private labels. Consumers aspired for having private levels on everyday garments. Casual wear from HK which is known for good design and quality has a positive image on global consumers. Nevertheless, international brands are concentrated in high-end consumers while domestic brands are for low-end consumers (Doshi, 2006). In taking advantage of the wealth of the demography, UNIQLO makes effort on providing high-quality merchandise and generating values to the societ y by taxes. Further, UNIQLO is a company that is committed in creating positive reputation as manifested in its vision and mission, styles of management, ways of doing business and requirements to employees. Ø Technological Analysis Technological innovations are a priority for the apparel retailing industry but it will remain as labor intensive as it is today. Boosting the industrys productivity, increased in automation has been the recent trend but it is limited on specific functions, to which mostly require human intervention such as sewing and making patterns. Although there are computerised sewing machines that increase the productivity and reduce training time. Further, the uses of computer system software intended for the industry will be on making rough sketches, printing detailed designs and storing of information for easy retrieval. The customer orientation of UNIQLO was basically construed from its website in which customers can give feedbacks by email and discussion board. Hong Kong Productivity Council made a report disclosing that the apparel industry could make sense of information technology (IT) if utilise for order processing, costing analysis, order tracking, material management, reporting an d connectivity (2004). Ø Legal As with any other business industry of the world, there are rules and regulations that restrict or support the facilitation of the business in the clothing and fashion market in the areas where UNIQLO operates. Ø Environmental There are currently no major environmental issues faced by the UNIQLO in Hong Kong, except for the ever-present textile and silk production issue which catch environmentalists attention die to the fact that some of its raw materials and from the skin of rare animals. Industry Analysis (Porters Five Forces) Ø Threat of Entry Barney Hesterly (2006, p. 43) point out that new entrants are the firms which have either recently begun operations or those that threaten to begin operations within an industry soon. Notably, the apparel industry is a buyer-driven industry where producers are considering buyers decision-making especially when brand names enter the picture. These buyer-centric industries have low barriers to entry mainly because of intense competition. Utilising brands as a market power source; however, this is a challenge for every clothing company. In the clothing business, mass customisation has seen to be the most effective strategy. Putting strategises into action remains to be in resilience today (Culpan 2002). Therefore, the focus must be on minimising the costs without sacrificing quality and to do this, managerial know how is a must in order to understand interactions with suppliers and consumers, to facilitate creativity and innovation and to maintain mobility in adapting to new market d emands (Kincade, Regan and Gibson 2007). Building brand awareness and consumer loyalty is a costly endeavor since it involves advertising needed not only to promote the brand but also on sustaining awareness and loyalty. Strengthening brand names also requires that there are ‘quick response programs to increase revenues and manage risks. One of UNIQLOs major resources is its brand name, which is now synonymous with comfortable, high quality and cheap clothing merchandises. Although brand awareness outside the home country is a challenge, it is of intangible value to UNIQLO as a business asset. Brands are valuable and rare and reputable brands are acquired through the impressions one has of the company, and its products or services. Since a brand name is built overtime it becomes costly to imitate thereby providing a sustainable competitive advantage in the apparel industry (Groucutt, Lydley and Forsyth 2004, p. 285). Ø Threat of Rivalry Either in home or host countries, apparels, accessories and merchandise will always have a competitor which usually fluctuates in size. The modern market trends for the apparel industry are globalisation and intensified competition, increasing price and lower profit margin pressures, small quantity with high complexity orders, shorter lead times, multiple location operation, changing customer requirements and liberalisation on textile and clothing quota that creates new market dynamics. Being responsive to these market trends shifts the focus of the apparel industry for more extensive product development and improvements at the least possible cost. Such condition forces companies to divert on product differentiation because of high switching cost. In an industry where products are deemed to be ‘equal, the key sources of differentiation are brand image, reputation and prior existence (Byoungho 2004b). For UNIQLO, the products themselves are an important source of competitive e dge. UNIQLO strives at developing products of high quality, in various collections to enable the company to reach the highest possible number of customers. As such, the rivals would be endangered when it comes to introducing innovative products. UNIQLO is positioned in the fashion capitals of the world for the purpose of taking advantage of the new information about fashion trends. UNIQLOs ability to quickly adapt to trends and new markets has helped them develop product differentiation, something that is key to the companys success in the apparel industry. According to Tokle (1990), product differentiation is what separates the top competitors from the rest, but it something that is not costly to imitate. This is why their product differentiation is only a temporary competitive advantage. Competitive advantage could be achieved once the organisation learns to manage its capabilities that the end consumers could appreciate and competitors would find difficulties imitating (Porter 19 85; Roney 2004). Ø Threat of Substitutes Casual wear is very particular with loose-fit, comfortable and relaxed fit. Athletic or active wear was perceived to be the closest substitute to casual wear as manifested by the booming athletic wear industry. Typically worn as casual fashion clothing, active attires could provide deterrence in the industry. Moreover, the blurring demarcation on the casual clothing family could be also seen as an opportunity for substitutes. Specialised stores offer semi-casual, smart casual and business casual lines. Semi-casual clothes are less presentational than informal but are not as loose as casual dresses. Smart casual purports conservative looks but with harmony on colors, fabrics, shoes and accessories. Business casual, on the other hand, varies in definition but the common element is the collar. Realising this, the bottomline now is the price. Moreover, based on the SPA business model, all the necessary functions at UNIQLO falls under a single umbrella especially the inbound logistics a nd the production. UNIQLO is an example of a cut-make-trim company in which in which the company purchase the fabric and retain ownership of the raw materials and work-in-process, and so making it hard for rivals to imitate or produce substitutes for UNQILO brands. Ø Threat of Suppliers The prices and availability of commonly used fabrics such as cotton, blends, synthetics and wools might fluctuate significantly due to its dependence on demand, crop yields, weather, supply conditions, transportation costs, government regulations and economic condition among others (Byoungho 2004a). Quota is the major factor that affects the demand and supply of textile and fabrics. Even though the sale of raw materials is standardised, independent contractors, raw material suppliers, importers and apparel manufacturing firms could not isolate themselves from such scenario because of the prospective unsteadiness in the supply chain (Chetty 1999). As well, because of forward vertical integration, coupled with the low barrier to entry, suppliers could easily become rivals. In becoming threat of entry, suppliers could be also become a competitor to already established apparel manufacturers. In addition, contractors is also one of the threats when the demand of the labor increases, it will cause labor costs price inflation. Laszlo (2008) stress that there are five main parts of the apparel value chain including raw material supply, provision of components; production networks; export channels and marketing networks at the retail level. Through the process, UNIQLO has an ownership on production and thereby a complete control on the supplies procurement. UNIQLO insources its production and handles the majority of the operational details. Sourcing is a go-to in the apparel industry but it is not rare although it can add value to UNIQLO. Ø Threat of Buyers Reaching more and diverse consuming group, the apparel industry is both a stable and unstable industry. Stable because quality price and quality products are the main element and unstable because there are many factors that affect both price and quality. In the point of consumption, for instance, there are ‘middle men such as the retail stores that offer an array of brands. In purchasing manufactured apparel, retail stores could have influence on making significant requirements and demands on their purchase, affecting prices. Though quality is inherent, prices would not be reasonable at all, and alternative clothing is readily available. This explains why apparel manufacturing companies are setting up their own stand along stores which will cater to their own produce. Important is that apparel stores must not fall dependent on s specific class of customer. Buyers are increasingly appearing to prefer above standard apparel with a much lower cost, making apparel less differenti ated. When selling directly to consumers, buyers would incur a significant portion of their dispensable cash. Same goes with retail store, they purchase apparel at the least possible final cost, but adds up to prices of apparel. UNIQLO is involve in selling to the customers through specialty store marketing, with a minimalist strategy of pile em high, sell em cheap concept that is. In addition, the unbranded fashion or the no-logo concept was perceived to be the main reasons for peoples warm attention (Williamson 2007; Parrish, Cassill and Oxenham 2006). Competitors Analysis a) Local Competitor: Giordano According to companys website, Giordano was established in 1981 as one of the most well-known and established apparel retailers in the Asia Pacific region. The company employs 11,000 staff with over 1,700 shops operating in 30 territories worldwide. The companys vision aimed to be the best and the biggest world brand in apparel retailing with a remarkable mission i.e. â€Å"To make people feel good look great. From the companys website, they are stating that Giordano is committed to being a successful and responsible corporate citizen. Meaning, they are committed not only to delivering quality products and service to their customers and strong and sustained financial performance to their shareholders, but that are also committed in creating a positive impact in the communities where they do business. The current CEO since 1996 is Peter Lau, a Canadian Chinese. Basically, Giordano is based in Bermuda and trades on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange as 709.HK. Giordano concentrates in creating and delivering economic quality clothes such as Long Sleeve Shirts, T-Shirts, and denim jeans. On the other hand, Giordano Ladies, a sub-brand was only established in 1996. It has been instrumental to upgrading the unisex brand from a budget image to a more fashion oriented apparel retailer similar to The Gap. b) International Competitor: HM It is now a widely held view that the world economy has entered a much more complex phase where individual national economies have become inextricably linked. In this new world economy, resources and markets have ceased to have the indelible national identity of the past (Jones, 2002). Restricted resources and markets that were once legally isolated have become much more accessible to enterprises that have acquired a global strategic vision. To the more visionary global enterprises, the world is but a borderless environment with homogeneous consumers who have developed an unforgiving taste for the most sophisticated and high-quality products. In response to the needs of these global consumers, the enterprises have developed global products. How such homogenised consumers are served, however, is a question of the strategic orientation of the enterprises and their ability to exploit the ever-evolving global economic environment (Jones, 2002). With this regard, HM, a company in Sweden engaged in clothing and a leader in fashion business shows significant impact to their consumers in accordance to their brand and branding strategies. HM is considered as one of the worlds favourite and preferred designer of apparels and clothing for man and women. In addition, HM is also known not only for their fashion cosmetic but because of the quality of the clothes designed durability and the funkiness of its clothes. Through the online stores, HM provides the US, UK and European Market exclusive clothing designs. The main goal of this company is to provide innovative designs of apparels and clothes for different types of people in different countries all over the world. The company has been known because of its strategy of providing clothing designs exclusively for each countrys preferences and needs. HM is considered as one of the worlds favourite and preferred designer of apparels and clothing for man and women. In addition, HM is also known not only for their fashio n but because of the quality of the clothes designed durability and the funkiness of its clothes (HM, 2009). The HM mission, â€Å"Fashion and Quality at its best price†. In addition, their handbags, shoes and accessories are also creating big sales and positive reactions from consumers. Through the online stores, HM provides the US, UK European Market and Asian Market exclusive clothing and even handbag designs. HM also offers perfumes and watches. The main aim of this company is to provide fast fashion goods (haute couture, ready-to-wear, handbags, perfumery, and cosmetics among others) in different countries all over the world (HM, 2009). The company has been known because of its strategy of providing fashion designs exclusively for each countrys preferences and needs which was positively accepted and loved by consumers. CPM Matrix Table 1. CPM Matrix UNIQLO Giordano HM Critical Success Factors Weight Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score Rating Weighted Score Advertising 0.20 4 0.80 5 1.00 4 0.80 Product Quality 0.15 4 0.60 4 0.60 4 0.60 Price Competitiveness 0.10 4 0.40 3 0.30 4 0.40 Management 0.10 4 0.40 3 0.30 4 0.40 Financial Position 0.15 4 0.60 3 0.45 3 0.45 Customer Loyalty 0.10 4 0.40 3 0.30 3 0.30 Global Expansion 0.15 3 0.45 4 0.60 4 0.60 Market Share 0.05 3 0.15 3 0.15 3 0.15 Total 1.00 3.80 3.70 3.70 With regards to the discussion of the local and international competitors of UNIQLO, the CPM matrix describes the edge of UNIQLO over Giordano and HM. As seen in the critical success factor, UNIQLO dominates the Product Quality, Price Competitiveness, Management, Financial Posi tion and Customer Loyalty. Despite of this, it seems that UNIQLO was lacking in advertising which was dominated by Giordano. In addition, UNIQLO also needs to consider their efforts in global expansion and market share in order to become successful in Hong Kong. Extended Marketing Mix 8Ps of Services Marketing Furthermore, since the UNIQLO as a brand concept be similar to or is associated with service stipulation, the 8Ps method adopted for service marketing may be competently espoused for its advertising. The 8Ps are: * Product This refers to the stuff or services to be offered by the company. In the case of UNIQLO, their products and services are mostly related to clothing and fashion, thus the need for constant review should be bear in mind in order to meet the changing customer expectations. * Place In UNIQLO, the place in which this product was manufactured and distributed was somewhat accessible to both suppliers and customers. Actually, UNIQLO are considering the issue regarding product availabily at the most convenient places for the target market, i.e., current and prospective clients. * Price In terms of price, UNIQLO produce were priced competitively. * Promotion UNIQLOs most effective ways to communicate to the various target groups to stimulate greater awareness, interest and patronage are somewhat good but not exceptional. UNIQLO are now using TV advertisement, Internet marketing, and billboard advertising. * Physical Evidence In terms of presentation, UNIQLOs products are exceptional. In addition to these, the services offered by the company were also outstanding. As seen in their shops UNIQLO are known with their well-dressed staff/consultants, logos on office doors/ business cetres, letter heads, brochures, complimentary cards, consultancy reports, etc. * Process With regrds to the process, the business of UNIQLO are well management in which makes their business system flawless and customer complaints are easily handled. * People When it comes to people, UNIQLO chooses the best suitable person needed by the company. This means that UNIQLO expertly indentify the capabilities of a person that will reflect the value of UNIQLO products and services. * Promise UNIQLO with their consultants are delivering their promises. In terms of quality of products and services, UNIQLO are giving it to their customers at utmost quality. * Public Relations UNIQLO stakeholders carefully identify the various publics that can impact on UNIQLO to which PR communications can be directed. Such publics include individual consultants, clients, big practices, small practices, other related professional associations, relevant agencies of the United Nations, financial institutions, etc. Developing the Concept of Servicescape and Blueprinting Servicescape- Servicescape is a concept that was developed by Booms and Bitner to emphasize the impact of the physical environment in which a service process takes place. If you were to try to describe the differences a customer encountered when entering a branch of say like McDonalds compared with a small family restaurant, the concept of servicescapes may prove useful. Booms and Bitner defined a servicescape as the environment in which the service is assembled and in which the seller and customer interact, combined with tangible commodities that facilitate performance or communication of the service (Booms and Bitner, 1981, p. 36). Servicescape may be likened to landscape. It includes facilities exterior (landscape, exterior design, signage, parking, surrounding environment) and facilities interior (interior design decor, equipment, signage, layout, air quality, temperature and ambiance). Servicescape along with other tangibles like business cards, stationary, billing stateme nts, reports, employee dress, uniforms, brochures, web pages and virtual servicescape forms the Physical Evidence in marketing of services. Servicescape is not defined as above. The definition above is the definition for physical evidence. Physical evidence consist of servicescape combined with the tangible elements, so servicescape is a part of physical evidence. Blueprinting Service blueprinting was initially introduced as a process control technique for services that offered several advantages: it was more precise than verbal definitions; it could help solve problems preemptively; and it was able to identify failure points in a service operation.24 Just as firms have evolved to become more customer-focused, so has service blueprinting. One early adaptation was the clarification of service blueprinting as a process for plotting the customer process against organizational structure.25 Service blueprinting was further developed to distinguish between onstage and backsta ge activities. These key components still form the basis of the technique and its most important feature, that of illuminating the customers role in the service process.26 In addition, it provides an overview so that employees and internal units can relate what they do to the entire, integrated service system. Blueprints also help to reinforce a customer-orientation among employees as well as clarify interfaces across departmental lines. Chapter 3. Research Methodology The aim of the study is to once again, seek the various sides of economic impact in London after winning the title to be the host of the 2012 summer Olympics. It is a big challenge for the hosting country to facilitate a mega event and the industry that is in the center of the issue is the tourism. The continuous development of an industry is possible if there are factors that can affect its growth. In the existence of the Olympic event in London, there should be an appropriate investigation that might lead in determining the economic impact of Summer Olympics. Along with the complexities defined in the countries of UK, London remains the center of attention because of the opportunity in hosting the prestigious Olympic Games. After the years of 1908 and 1948 in hosting the previous Olympics, London finally acquired the honor in hosting the mega event. Obviously, years can be evidence the world is changing and with that, London must be prepared on the various effects resulting to th e Olympic Games. With the help of the appropriate method, the study can gain the chance in meeting the objectives and goals. Research Methods to be Used Since the study is concern regarding the empirical ground and current situations of Londons preparedness in the upcoming Olympics, the proposed primary method is through the use of surveys and interview. There are many types of primary research available based on the purpose of the researcher/s. The design of the method can create the accurate result and overview on the concern of the study. It is expected that survey methods are more efficient in terms of gathering the primary data therefore; it is utilized in the study. Through the form of questioning the people or groups, the study can gain the limited amount of information which is also useful in understanding the subjects point-of-views. On the other hand, the use of interview helps the research in providing the ideas of a small group similar to gathering their opinions. After the essential data had been collected, the information was analyzed and organized according to a comprehensive fashion. Subjects The survey data was taken in the participation of 200 district residents who are deemed to be affected by the Olympic event. The responses of the participants are gathered and then, analyzed based on the five-point Likert scale. On the second phase of the method, an interview was conducted in among the five respondents in order to achieve the qualitative dimension alongside the gathered statistic data. The respondents of the interview includes the officials in London as well as the businessmen that took participation in the pre-Olympics, during Olympics, and post-Olympics. Sampling Design It is impractical for the study to conduct a survey in the entire population within the community therefore; there is a need for sample. The sampling technique is appropriate in obtaining the representative sample. There are determined 200 participants in the community and five diversified people in the interviews. Instrument The instruments provided in the method are the use of the questionnaires and interview materials which are presented at the end of the study. The structure of the interview will be more like an open-ended question in order to widen the scope of the discussion. In this way, the participants can use their own ideas and freedom to express their perceptions in the center of the topic. Reliability and Validity of the Study The demographic profile of the participants was also emphasized and making this increases the validity of the gathered data. To measure the reliability of the method, the participants profile was also assessed such as their age, gender, and educational attainment. Problems and Possible Solutions On part of the survey, it is hard to convince the people to participate in the study. It is expected that most of them are reluctant in contributing their ideas, most especially on the part of the adults. Therefore, it is important to seek the answer of the younger population. The survey may serve a lot of difficulties especially, when there is more than one respondent. This only means that a complete presence of mind and attentive eyes that are truly necessary to identify that most effective answer among the participants. A more sensible answer bears worth is important than of the numerous of answer with no substance. On the other hand, the interview is difficult to conduct in contacting the participants for most of them are busy individuals. As a solution, it is better to propose for a suitable time applicable on the participants schedules. Ethical Issues and Assurance The method is compelled to ensure that the rights of the participants are secured and considered as part of researchs ethical procedures. To respect the autonomy of individuals remain in the top of the researchs priority. In accordance, to treat people fairly and act with integrity is the best way to avoid harm for all the participants. To ensure that all of the actions of the researchers are ethical, the surveyor will ask regarding an agreement from respondents that the survey would be conducted according to the agreed timeframe. It is done through covering along the survey questionnaire. Each of the potential survey participants are asked politely to determine if they are willing to participate in the survey. In this way, the privacy of the individuals is protected and the surveyor avoids pushing or rushing the participants during the survey conduction. References: Rosenbaum, Mark S. (2005), â€Å"The Symbolic Servicescape: Your Kind is Welcomed Here,† Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 4, 257-267. Marketing Strategies and Organization Structures for service firms; Bitner, J and Booms, B; 1981 Services Marketing;Valarie A. Zeithaml and Mary Jo Bitner;Tata McGraw Hill;2003 Kingman-Brundage, J. (1989). â€Å"The ABCs of Service System Blueprinting,† in M. J. Bitner and L. A. Crosby, ed., Designing a Winning Service Strategy (Chicago: American Marketing Association, 1989), pp. 30-33. Gummesson E. and Kingman-Brundage, J. (1991). â€Å"Service Design and Quality: Applying Service Blueprinting and Service Mapping to Railroad Services,† Quality Management in Services . Assen/Maastricht, Nertherlands: Van Gorcum Zeithaml, V., Bitner, M.J. Gremler, D. (2006). Services Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm, 4th edition (Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2006). pp. 267-276

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The first thing that should be taken into account when evaluating the Russian political system - is pronounced personification of power. The Russian system has not so much institutional as personalistic character. This feature is deeply rooted in the historical tradition since the days of autocracy. Personality of the monarch was putting a distinct imprint on the character of the reign - not only on its direction (variation of reformism and conservatism)

There Will Never Be Peace in the Middle East Essay

The topic of peace has been on the mind of historians, political leaders, and the general public for as long as our history has been recorded. Will there ever be peace in the Middle East? Will the age old battles, both foreign and domestic ever end? This question, pondered on throughout decades of Western civilization, has both a simple answer and a complex reasoning. To even begin to uncover the answer, one must understand the conflict and its deeply rooted origins to even draw a hypothesis of the outcome. We must first venture into the guarded minds of radical Muslims, our coalition forces, and the minds of the non-violent Muslims who seek liberation from the grip of evil. We must delve into the history of the Islamic world, the tales of†¦show more content†¦Later, when a city north of Mecca needed a strong leader, their outlooks changed, and the native people of Mecca looked to Muhammad, promising to convert and defend Muhammad with their lives. Muhammad refused, and ulti mately escaped from Mecca in the year 622, a journey now written within the Qu ran as Hijira. Outside of the territory of Mecca, the Muslim religion began to expand and eventually reached out to all of Arabia, with Muhammads face regarded as one of a true prophet. (Post Axial 2010). Non-believers were forced to live under dhimmitude, forced to pay a poll tax known as the jizya (Dhimmitude, 2006). Muhammad died in the year 632, but his empire would not perish without him. The Arabian Empire and Islamic influence stretched from the entire Middle East to North Africa, and eventually all the way to Spain. After the death of the prophet, disagreement plagued the land as to who should succeed him. The Sunni people believed that the successor should be chosen, regardless of his descent, yet the Shias felt the successor should be of direct descent from Muhammad himself. This dilemma marked the beginnings of the conflict still raging on today (Downing, 1946). Radical Muslims today take the events of Muhammads life as literal examples of acceptable rule, and continue to practice such acts total control through violence to this very day. In the most extreme of cases, they are known toShow MoreRelatedThe Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pages The Arab-Israeli conflict has been ongoing for many years and so far a peaceful solution to the violence has not been reached. The peace process aims to find a just, fair and lasting peace solution to the conflict in the Middle East. The USA in particular has been very active in looking for a peace solution. This is because Israel is their ally. There are several million Jews in the USA and many send money to support Israel. Also the Arabs used oil as a very successfulRead MoreRadical Islam vs. Islam Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Will the Middle East (the perceived homeland of all that is civil and governmental unrest) ever experience peace within their own country? 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Intent of the book is to show that USA has acted as a dishonest broker between Israel and the US, and has â€Å"instead acted as israel’s lawyer† (p.xxxvi) Palestinian human rights, peace processes, and their right to self-determination

The treatment of women in the history of the United States Essay Example For Students

The treatment of women in the history of the United States Essay In understanding the meaning and function behind marriage in the plays and how this ultimately contributes to the tragic ending of women, it is first crucial to understand how their society views the issue of marriage. Perhaps in modern times, the significance and implication of marriage is lost or not as conservatively valued as they were in the societies that the women are set in, however it is imperative to appreciate the meaning and function of marriage in the plays as it existed in American history and not undermine this importance. In the six plays, there are scenarios where there are voluntary marriages made because women loved the man they decided to commit to although they may later find out that there are many time in their marriage where they are physically and emotionally abused, and involuntary marriages either by pressure from third parties or arranged by older family members. These three various routes all lead to marriage, but their meanings, expectations and functions of marriage are all different and thus are three different avenues to understand. Despite the contrasting elements, there are a few things in common which are imperative to reflect upon when reading the plays. This includes the concept of marriage being a rite of passage where a woman is married off to a man, giving the husband responsibility to look after the woman and thus control over them, and that marriage brings both joy and sorrow, in which problems and displeasure experienced by men also become problems and grieve of the women. When all these factors interact, what occurs is that the women find themselves in subordinate positions in their marriage as it existed many centuries before them, where they have no real say in their future as husband and wife. This subordination greatly adds to the tragic sentiments felt by the women as they wish for improvements in their situations. The theme of surviving independently is not strictly confined in the parameters of life and death, but rather focuses on the concept of whether the women in the plays have the skills, the will together with fate on their side to rise up to the challenge of surviving in a society that is not kind to them as a gender. To comprehend the vastness of this theme, we need to question the source of their survival skills and how they obtained these skills which leads to the probing of whether the women are born with this instinct or from their exposure to America, they are able to learn and adapt to the harsh surroundings and therefore attempt to survive. The ability to survive also raises interest of whether this is done independently by themselves or there is significant reliance on their husbands or other male characters in the play, and as a result brings into context the idea of surviving alone as a form of isolation. What is also worthy of note is that even though some of the female characters are unable to detach from their accustomed dependence on men, they still experience isolation, often in the form of emotional abandonment. Nowadays we recognize that women being able to stand up for themselves and live independently as a strong compliment but it is important to appreciate that it is extremely difficult for the women in the plays to reach independence. It is crucial that we take into account the factor that the time and place the women are in do not encourage their strife for independence and thus do not ease the path to achieve this. Objectification and lack or respect is something that still exists today and this entrenched concept prevails over time as women are considered to be the inferior gender. With society accepting as the norm for men to work and provide for their family and the womans role was merely to bear children and take care of the household, this separation of power and subordination results in men feeling they are always in control and they have the right to hold that power over women. Many women in return accept this and will not contest it, in most part because they are unable to fit the system they are in. This investigation on the six plays will also delve into the relationship between choosing not to fend off the objectification and lack of respect as a trade off to not need to be alone. It is also important to keep in mind while analyzing this theme in the plays that we do not assume that all men take advantage of the women and condemn as being evil, as we need to be aware that it is in part their nature to react in this way if they do because the society they are in constructs them to do so. It is equally crucial that we acknowledge that society can change and therefore it just for women to continuously seek for change even when if the outcome looks bleak. Although much improvement has been instilled in societies around the world with fairer treatment of women at work or at home, readers need to understand that it is because women, like those portrayed in the plays, have endured the crux of the hardships in history already. The inability for women to successfully assimilate into their society will be explored, along with how it influences isolation. To do so, it is essential in understanding how they approach assimilation in the time and place the play is set in; do the women have the right mindset to facilitate integration or are they still caught in the past and ponder about their homeland? When thinking about integration, we also need to be careful not to make the generalized assumption that it is a necessary element in their lives to bring happiness and that it is always achievable. Along with this is understanding how assimilation affect the three inevitable outcomes for women and whether the process of assimilation conflict with the womens desires to be happy. Chapter 2: Role of Women in America The role of women is an intriguing topic to explore as the female character often has a significant function in drama, even when the play is written with a male dominated cast. To understand the representation of women as constructed by their respective societies in the various American plays, the study will focus on three aspects; the purpose and significance of marriage, the ability to survive independently, and the lack of respect and objectification of women. The Purpose and Significance of Marriage The theme of marriage, or in some of the texts, the desire to be in a good marriage, is a focal point in all six plays; It appears to be the cause of happiness in some while the root of the familys misery and entrapment in others. While considering this theme and understanding how it interacts with the concept of the role of women, we must also take into account whether the marriages were voluntary or arranged. In the view of these scenes, we can further understand where the position of women is in marriages and how their role in the marriage affects the family unity and the opportunity to sustain bliss. Marriage is considered a rite of passage for women in Machinal. Helen Jones is persuaded by the actions of other girls that marriage is the only key to success and happiness for a woman. When she is first propositioned, she becomes frantic and automatically trails off in her scattered and insecure thoughts about what is expected of her as a young woman. The Function and symbolism of the Inspector in "An Inspector Calls" EssayMurata endures much of the same obstacles Oka faces when farming and trying to reap crops to support his family, but Oka envies Murata because he does not have his beloved wife with him. Oka believes that any hardship is tolerable so long as his Shizue could support and comfort him because they would be poor but happy like Murata and his wife and the kid (Yamauchi, 151). However as a reader, I must examine whether the reason behind Murata and Hanas loving marriage and their happiness hinges on the fact that Hana plays the expected, stereotypical role of a woman as a devoted mother and wife. In contrast, Emiko refuses to play the role of a wife as her heart belongs to another man and she does not want to be married to Oka in the United States. Her refusal antagonizes Oka as seen in his frustrated scene with her where he brutally scolds her and spats all I wanted was a little comfort and you no, you didnt (Yamauchi, 151). This raises the question of whether subordination and living up to expectations is paramount to meeting the purpose of a successful marriage from the perspective of women and their husbands. This concern also arises in Fences when the reader attempts to understand Roses decision for staying in the marriage with her cheating husband, Troy. Throughout the play, the character of Rose revolves around Troy and their son Cory to the extent that she exists in the play simply to wait on the two most important men in her life. She does so without questioning the structure behind their family and appears to be content serving them from managing the housework to mediating between characters to maintain tranquility. You ready for breakfast? I can fix it soon as I finish hanging up these clothes. (Wilson, 21). While Troy has a full time job with the garbage disposal department and their teenage son holding a part time job at the local supermarket, Rose is the only character in the household who does not have an occupation, something which is not uncommon for women in this time of society. What is interesting however, is that other characters in the play as well as readers take for granted that her role is merely a housewife, but when Rose confronts Troys infidelity, she defines this as her employment and not simply a contribution to the family. That was my job, not somebody elses (Wilson, 69). This suggests that Rose understands and accepts that she caters for her family and stands by her husband even if it means sacrificing her own dreams, not purely because she loves him, but because it is her responsibility to do so. The reader also has the opportunity to value the importance of committing to a marriage from the perspective of women. Rose admits in the opening scene that she once told Troy if he wasnt the marrying kind, then move out of the way so the marrying kind could find me (Wilson, 6), implying that it was crucial for her to find the right man to settle down with. The opening sequence also reveals to the audience that Rose understand the importance of devoting her married life as a loving wife and mother as she recognizes the possibilities of her life without him (Wilson, 5). As a result, the ultimate incentive which drives Rose to fulfill the expectations of a responsible, dutiful yet subordinate wife may be generated from a desire to feel safe and secure. And The Soul Shall Dance also depicts the disastrous consequences of an arranged and unloving marriage. At the heart of all their problems, lies the bitter circumstance of Oka and Emiko not being in love but forced into a marriage by Emikos parents. Your father palmed you off on me like a dog or cat an animal couldnt do nothing with you. (Yamauchi, 150). As a result, there is never peace in Okas household, and over time the bitter truth and hateful feelings for each other are revealed as the two refuse to reconcile or make an effort to cope with each other. Oka can only imagine what life could have been like and he endures each day by believing that there must be a better way to live there must be another way (Yamauchi, 152). The fact that it is not only the female character, Emiko, who feels trapped in the marriage but also the male counterpart, Oka, as shown from his sour words, I didnt marry her. They married her to me (Yamauchi, 138), is quite a unique aspect in this play. The Ability to Survive Independently Males are often depicted as the breadwinner in literature, especially when the characters are situated in a patriarchal society. In And The Soul Shall Dance, it is understood that Oka provides for Emiko even though they do not love each other and he does so because legally, they are husband and wife. As the harsh farming life does not guarantee a stable income, Oka finds it hard to support his life and send money back to Japan to support his first wife and daughter, Kiyoko. However, neither Oka nor Murata expected the difficulty they face in America as it was everyones dream and belief that they could make money, go home and live like a king (Yamauchi, 138). As the women often simply take on the role of a mother and a wife, the females often do not work and solely depend on their husbands as Emiko does. She is financially reliant on Oka even though she wishes she did not have to owe him anything. However she has no choice in this matter as she would not be able to survive without his money. I dont have the money. Give me money to Id die out there (Yamauchi, 151). Emikos desperation displays the level of frustrated dependency the woman has on the man, a frustration that Oka is burdened with and a frustration that is imposed on Emiko. In some scenarios, the male do not solely hold the title as the financial controller. While they may be the breadwinner of the house and that is the only source of the income, they give their paycheck to their wives. This leaves the control of finances in the hands of the women. In Fences, Rose says to Troy on payday, You can hand yours over here too, Troy (Wilson, 47), referring to the monthly income earned to pay for everything their family lives off. Rose also shows that she is in charge of deciding how the expenditure is allocated as she justifies that she uses the money responsibly by purchasing her groceries from the cheapest store. The reader can also interpret this habit of giving the wife the salary as a common practice as Troys best friend Bono, shares with him that he has a similar experience with his wife on pay day. Yeah, Lucille do me the same way (Wilson, 47).

Old Yeller Essays - Rabies, English-language Films, Films

Old Yeller OLD YELLER This was one of my favorite books during my childhood days. The book is a classic, and Disney later made it into a motion picture. the storys climax develops quickly by telling stories and adventures of a boy named Travis and his old stray yellow dog named Yeller.At the introduction of the book Travis is plowing corn in the garden when an old yellow darts bye and causes the mule to jump. He chases the dog out of the garden and curses at him. Then a few days later the stray dog ate some of the deer meat that was very important for the familys survival. Travis was very angered and threatened to kill the mischievious yellow dog, but his younger brother, Arliss, would not allow this. There are many more adventures that the book tells of Old Yeller throughout the story and I am going to put a heavy emphasis on the three that I enjoyed the most. First of all Travis and his brother Arliss were out in the forest with their mother and were cutting wood. This was going to be used to mend a fence that had broke in the yard. While Arliss was off on his own exploring that day he ran across a small bear cub and began to play with it. Travis yelled at him to turn the cub loose. Arliss could see the mother bear coming, but he was too frightened to turn the cub loose. Travis and his mother ran down the hill to assist Arliss, but they knew that they were going to be too late. All of the sudden Old Yeller came like a flash and attacked the bear from her side. The bear turned quickly to fight the dog off. Travis hoisted Arliss up and threw him to their mother. Travis then began to run and shout at the two fighting animals. The bear tucked its tail and left. Old Yeller had saved the life of Arliss and they were all very appreciative of what Yeller had done. One of the next highlights in the book is when Old Yeller knocks down Rose, the milk cow. Travis and Old Yeller were out in the woods looking for Rose because she had been gone for three days without a trace. Rose had been expecting to give birth at any time and went off by herself to do this. Travis finally located Rose and she had already given birth to the calf. Travis chased after the calf to lift it up. While attempting to do this Rose charged towards him. It was at that time that Travis began to realize what a great dog he really had. Old Yeller dashed and knocked down Rose then as she charged time and again at Yeller the dog tripped her up several times. Later on that day while Travis was milking Rose she kept kicking the milk bucket over and would not allow Travis to milk her. In order to put a stop to this incident Travis called over Old Yeller to keep Rose in line. Old Yeller stood directly in front of Rose and thrashed forward staring at her. The heifer was so frightened that she did not even try to budge. The final adventure of Old Yeller that I would like to portray is very tragic and sad. It begins with Rose contracting a disease called hydrophobia. This is an extremely fatal disease which brings fourth foaming at the mouth of the animal. Rose, the cow, is killed and then burned so that no other animals would eat her and spread the disease. Mama and her daughter Lisbeth were burning the cow when a gray wolf tried to ambush them. Old Yeller came to their rescue like a bolt of lightning and wrestled with the wolf. Both animals were biting and clawing at each other. Travis then retrieved his rifle, took aim, and shot the wolf. The wolf also had hydrophobia so that meant that Old Yeller had the chance of obtaining the sickness as well. After this incident they were forced to lock Old Yeller up in a woodshed for a few weeks while keeping an eye on him to make sure that he did not become ill.

Critical analysis of Shameless Research Paper Example

Critical analysis of Shameless Research Paper Example Critical analysis of Shameless Paper Critical analysis of Shameless Paper The effective review of the channel 4 drama series Shameless, ‘The low down dirty lack of shame’ written by Tom Jennings. (Variant, No 19, pp. 11-12) articulates interesting arguments surrounding the class and representation of the characters and their progressing storylines. This is shown with comparisons between reality, and exaggerated storylines. I feel that the author’s purpose for this text is to enlighten and persuade the reader, about how different classes live. He does this with logical reasoning and orderly presented material. In my opinion, the framework of the review is largely fixated upon the way; the drama is presented to the audience. The main question that is being answered is whether or not the drama shows a true portrayal of working class. The writer answers this for the reader by segmenting the information under clear and understandable headings. These do not only relate to true life situations but also to shameless. An example is ‘family affairs’. This enables the reader to make the connection with the words and meanings. Jennings then goes on to inform about the morals of programmes that represent working class, and the refusal to take into consideration the troubles that occur in reality, for example political issues. Jennings also informs the reader of the hype that is created and surrounds programmes that are being forced into narrow social classes by the media. As a reader I can see this text clearly through living in the British culture, that is becoming increasingly obsessed with separating individuals into classes that my not represent their personality in the correct way. From reading the review, I gained the opinion that shameless entertains audiences in separate ways. Working class viewers will evoke a connection through the limited similarities it shares with reality, and also feel romanticised with the sense of fun that is perceived from the comical drama. It also appeals to middle class audiences through fascination of how different classes live, with the element of symbolic repertoire. To conclude, the text has both strengths and weaknesses. The material separates the text into clear categories, for easier reader consumption. However, there are weaknesses. One of these being the lack of factual evidence to back up the arguments put forward. His style is largely focused upon his personal opinion. To improve upon this, he could support his points with more fact, or others opinions. This would heighten the trust between the writer and the reader. The author targets the audience of the text to be the older viewers of shameless; I can see this through the use of language and media terminology, which the younger reader would find challenging to understand. The text would be appropriate as a learning resource which could be used for the study of representation and class. Since the text is largely about social classes and how media represents these through the characters and not directly about the series shameless. It would not be useful for writing about the actual programme, but more about what it represents.

Manufacturing Industry Evaluation Research Paper

Manufacturing Industry Evaluation - Research Paper Example 1.6 percent, 51.1 percent and 75.5 percent for the fluid milk industry, women’s and girl’s cut and sew dresses and the envelopes industries, and the electronics computers industries, respectively. According to this census, the level of competition for the fluid milk, women’s and girl’s cut and sew dresses, envelopes is highest for fluid milk and envelopes considering that Herfindahl Hirschman index for 50 largest companies is 1060, 829.9 and 185.5, respectively. The level of competition for the electronic computers industry is extremely high, considering that the Herfindahl Hirschman index for 50 largest companies is one of the highest at 2662.0. This reveals that the level of competition is lowest in the envelopes industry, whose Herfindahl Hirschman index for 50 largest companies is the lowest at 185.5, respectively. Oligopolies can be defined as industries whereby there are a small number of sellers or competitors. According to this definition, some of the listed industries that qualify as oligopolists include the envelope industry and the fluid milk manufacturing, whereby there are only 166 and 315 companies in the industries, a small number of industries in consideration of the other industries that have large number of competitors. The electronic computer manufacturing industry, for example, has 465 competitors or member companies. This means that the industry cannot be described as an oligopoly, rather, as an industry that is experiencing perfect competition. Some of the firms that operate in these industries are listed below. In the envelope industry, these firms include Warren De La Rue and Edwin Hill. In the fluid milk manufacturing, these companies include the Elmhurst Dairy, Inc., the Southeast Milk Inc., the Oberweis Dairy, the Dairy Dynamics, LLC, and the Rutter Bros Dairy, Inc (McEa chern, 2012). According to the definition of oligopolies above, one is bound to think that oligopolies are always bad for society. However, the listed